Kuwonongeka kwa thovu?!

Chithovu chochuluka sichiwonongeka m'malo achilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuipitsa kwambiri. Pakadali pano kutayidwa kwa zinyalala kukukhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri kwa opanga ndi otembenuza thovu lililonse. Foam mwachibadwa ndi chinthu cholemera koma chopepuka, ndiye pali njira zotani zotayira thovu? Kodi kuthetsa kuipitsa kuchokera pachiyambi?

Kodi chithovu chochepa chimachokera kuti?

Kuyambira tsiku lomwe chipika choyamba cha thovu chinapangidwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala magawo odulidwa, funso loti titani ndi nyenyeswa zotsalazo. anali pa malingaliro a akatswiri opanga thovu ndi akatswiri.

Thovu losweka - kapena thovu lodulidwa - ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe chimachokera mu njira yopangira thovu. Kuchita bwino popanga kumatanthauza kuti chosinthira thovu chikufuna kupanga zinthu zambiri momwe zingathere kuchokera ku buloko la zinthu zopangira, motero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa thovu losweka. Ngakhale zili choncho, pafupifupi buloko lililonse la thovu lomwe limasinthidwa limapanga zinthu zochepa.

Ma thovu osinthasintha adapangidwa poyamba pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zokutira ndege. Komabe, kupanga kunali kochepa, ndipo mpaka m'ma 1950 makampani akuluakulu a mankhwala monga DuPont, BASF ndi Dow Chemicals adayamba kupanga toluene diisocyanate ndi polyurethane polyols, zomwe zimafunikira popanga thovu la polyurethane ndi thovu la melamine zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwambiri.

M'zaka 60 zapitazi, akuti izi tsopano zakwana matani mamiliyoni ambiri a thovu lotha kusintha. Koma thovu limenelo lapita kuti? Mwinanso chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndikuti funso lomwelo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa polyethylene, thovu la melamine, ndi zida zina zotsekeka zama cell, kupanga komwe kumabweretsanso kuwonongeka kwa matani ndi zinyalala chaka chilichonse.

Njira zochotsera thovu lotayirira

Zosankha za kutaya thovu zimadalira kwathunthu kachulukidwe ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zikupangidwa. Nthawi zambiri, chithovu choyaka moto chimaganiziridwa kuti ndiyo njira yosasinthika yochotsera zinyalala.

Chithovu chosasunthika chikhoza kuwotchedwa mosavuta, koma njirayi imatulutsa utsi wapoizoni womwe umakhala wowopsa kwa anthu omwe akuchita nawo ntchitoyi komanso chilengedwe chonse. Zodetsa nkhawa izi zapangitsa opanga thovu ndi otembenuza kufunafuna njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi kuchuluka kwa thovu lomwe limapangidwa chaka chilichonse.

Kodi thovu lakuthwa likhoza kubwezeretsedwanso?

Kupeza njira yatsopano ndikwabwinoko, ndipo kumagwirizana ndi zokhumba zamasiku ano zobwezeretsanso zida zathu zonse zakale; koma mpaka pano, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa volumetric kokha kwa thovu lopangidwanso ndi thovu lopangidwanso, lomwe limatchedwa chipfoam.

Izi kwenikweni ndi ndondomeko ya granulating thovu mu tiziduswa tating'ono ting'ono millimeters mu kukula, kachiwiri omangiriza iwo mu lalikulu chipika mawonekedwe, amene ndiye wothinikizidwa osiyanasiyana kachulukidwe. Kufunsira kwa chipfoam kumaphatikizapo kulongedza, mphasa zapansi, mapanelo amayamwidwe a mawu, koma ntchito yayikulu ndikuyika pansi pa kapeti.

Opanga ma carpet underlay amayendetsedwa ndi kufunikira kwa zomera zawo kuti apeze thovu lochuluka momwe angathere. Kwa zaka zambiri, zomerazi zakhazikitsa njira zogwirira ntchito zosonkhanitsira zinthu zakale kuchokera kwa otembenuza thovu padziko lonse lapansi ndikuzitumiza kumafakitale awo opangidwa pansi. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zotsalira zomwe zatsala kuti zitayidwe kudzera mu njira zina.

Chithovu chachitsulo chimatumizidwabe kumalo otayirako

Ngakhale kupanga chipfoam kumagwiritsa ntchito thovu lambiri, nthawi zambiri kumafunikira zinthu za 'namwali'. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti ngati chithovucho chapangidwa ndi nsalu kapena tepi yomatira, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga carpet.

Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito ku thovu lotsekeka la polyethylene. Apanso, thovu lachitsulo limasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa otembenuza ndikubwezeretsedwa kumalo opangirako komwe amakathira. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu monga mphasa zapansi ndi zoseweretsa. Komabe, thovu la polyethylene lomwe lakhala likusinthidwanso silingasinthidwenso ndipo liyenera kutayidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina.

Ndiye, chimachitika ndi chiyani ku thovu lonse lomwe silingabwezeretsedwenso? Palinso fumbi la polyurethane, zikopa zotchinga ndi zinthu zina zosinthira zomwe muyenera kuziganizira. Tikudziwa kuti kuwotcha ndi koopsa kotero, kwenikweni, kutayirako ndi njira yokhayo yomwe yatsala.

Mitundu iwiri ya bowa waku Ecuadorian Pestalotiopsis imatha kuwononga bio-degrading polyurethane mu aerobic ndi anaerobic mikhalidwe, monga yomwe imapezeka pansi pa zotayiramo. Komabe, njirayi imatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndipo maphunziro mpaka pano sanadziwe momwe angapititsire njira zowonongeka.

Chotsatira ndi chiyani pamakampaniwo?

Kutenga nthawi kuti chithovu chiwonongeke chimayambitsa vuto lalikulu kwa mafakitale a thovu komanso kwa ogula omwe amasamala za chilengedwe chawo. Timawona ndi kukumana ndi thovu tsiku lililonse, ndipo kudalira kwathu pazinthu zosunthika izi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zokayikitsa kuti mitengo yotulutsa ingachepe posachedwa.

SINOYQX yakwanitsa kuchita chitukuko chokhazikika kuti thovu lonse la melamine (thovu la chip kapena scrap melamine) likhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogulitsa kuti lichepetse kuipitsa.