Kutulutsa madzi m'malo osungira madzi m'malo osungira madzi (SIE) kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yothetsera kusowa kwa madzi abwino chifukwa chakuti imagwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ya dzuwa popanga madzi abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, makina otulutsa madzi m'malo osungira madzi ali ndi ubwino wapadera pochiza madzi otayidwa amchere . Njira yotulutsira madzi m'malo osungira madzi imangopanga makhiristo amchere ngati chinthu china, motero sizitulutsa madzi m'thupi. Komabe, kusonkhanitsa mchere mu makina otulutsira madzi kudzalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa kuwala ndikukhudza kutuluka kwa nthunzi, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti makina otulutsira madzi m'malo osungira madzi achepe kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito.
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, ofufuza ena akonza njira yoti mchere usamayende bwino. Ndiko kuti, njira yozungulira imapangidwira njira yothetsera kulola kuti ayoni amchere abwererenso mu brine, potero amateteza mchere kuti usasunthike pamtunda, potero kukwaniritsa kutuluka kosalekeza komanso kokhazikika. Komabe, njirayi idzachititsa kuti mchere wa yankho uwonjezeke, ndipo vuto la crystallization ya mchere silingapeweke.
Njira inanso ndiyo njira ya "salting out". Ndiko kuti, dongosolo ndi malamulo kuti mchere ndi preferentially crystallized m'dera sanali evaporation, potero kuchepetsa zotsatira za mchere crystallization pa evaporation ntchito, potero kukwaniritsa munthawi yomweyo Kutolere mchere ndi madzi abwino. Komabe, njira ya "kuchotsa mchere" imakhalabe ndi zovuta zina pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Choyamba, mayendedwe amtundu umodzi wa brine amachepetsa mphamvu ya mayamwidwe, amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya wonse. Kachiwiri, njira ya crystallization ya mchere imafuna kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse kwa makhiristo amchere, omwe ndi ovuta kugwa okha kuchokera pamtunda wa evaporator chifukwa chomatira kwambiri. Ngati mchere woikidwawo sunachotsedwe pakapita nthawi, mphamvu ya nthunzi idzachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, ma evaporator ambiri opangira dzuwa amafunikira njira zokonzekera zowopsa kapena zowononga nthawi, monga kutentha kwambiri, kutsika pang'ono, kapena kutentha kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, kupanga evaporator yolimba ya solar kuti ikwaniritse kutentha kwanthawi yayitali, kogwira mtima, komanso kukhazikika kwa madzi ndi kusonkhanitsa mchere kudzera munjira yosavuta yokonzekera kuti ziro madzi atulutse desalination ndi cholinga chasayansi chomwe sichinakwaniritsidwe.
Kutengera zovuta zomwe tazitchulazi, gulu lofufuza la Shandong First Medical University linakonza chowongolera chamitundu itatu cha graphene spiral airgel evaporator, chomwe chingathe kutulutsa mpweya wabwino wa solar wamadzi amchere okhala ndi kuchuluka kwambiri ndikutulutsa ziro zamadzimadzi.
Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ma evaporator a solar potengera kuyamwa bwino kwa dzuwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse, kukana mchere wabwino kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali, kapangidwe ka polojekitiyi imayang'ana kwambiri mfundo zinayi zotsatirazi:
Yang'anani pamapangidwe apangidwe komanso kukulitsa kukhazikika kwamankhwala
Chotenthetsera madzi chiyenera kukhala ndi kapangidwe kabwino ka netiweki komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali, yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yokhazikika yochotsa mchere m'madzi padzuwa. Chifukwa chake, adasankha thovu la melamine lotsika mtengo, lopanda madzi ambiri, lopanda ma pores ambiri komanso lolimba ngati chigoba chothandizira chotenthetsera madzi cha dzuwa.
Kenako adaphunzira zamakina a ma graphene aerogels okhala ndi thovu la melamine ngati mafupa m'njira zingapo, kuphatikiza kuponderezana, kupindika, ndi kupsinjika, kuti aunike mozama makina awo.
Pofuna kutsimikiziranso kulimba kwake ndi kulimba pansi pa zochitika zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito, gulu lofufuza lidayesa pansi pa zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
Makamaka, anapinda chitsanzocho mobwerezabwereza maulendo 20 mumlengalenga ndi m'madzi, anachinyowetsa mu njira za acidic ndi alkaline , ndipo anachiyika m'malo ovuta monga kutentha kwambiri ndi kusakaniza ndi ultrasound.
Pambuyo pa mayesero okhwimawa, sanapeze kusintha kwakukulu mu maonekedwe a chitsanzo ndi microstructure, zomwe zinasonyeza kukhazikika kwake komanso kukhazikika kwake.
Yang'anani pa kufewetsa ndi kukonza kwachuma kwa njira zopangira
Kuti akwaniritse kuphweka komanso chuma pakupanga evaporator ndikupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodula, adapanga njira zotsatirazi zokonzekera:
Gawo loyamba ndikukanikiza kotentha
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokanikiza wotentha, gulu lofufuzalo lidapanikiza thovu la melamine la makulidwe osiyanasiyana kuti lipeze filimu ya melamine yowunikiridwa kale ndi makulidwe a 1mm.
Panthawiyi, pamene chiŵerengero cha makulidwe oyambirira a chitsanzocho ndi makulidwe omaliza opanikizika chikuwonjezeka, kukula kwa ma pore a filimu ya melamine yomwe yasindikizidwa kale kumayendetsedwa bwino kuyambira 150 μ m mpaka 20 μ m , ndikupanga kapangidwe kapadera ka netiweki yamitundu itatu.
Gawo lachiwiri ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pamwamba
Gwiritsani ntchito botolo lopopera kuti mupopere mofanana graphene oxide suspension pamwamba pa filimu ya melamine yomwe yasindikizidwa kale . Kufalikira kwa graphene oxide mu filimuyi kunatheka, zomwe zinayambitsa kuchepa kwa dzuwa pambuyo pake.
Gawo lachitatu ndi kuyanika kwa mpweya wa mumlengalenga
Atatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, adayika filimuyo mwachindunji mumlengalenga kuti awumitse mpweya wachilengedwe. Sitepe iyi imapewa zovuta, zowononga nthawi komanso zowononga mphamvu zokonzekera monga kuunika kozizira, kuyanika kwapamwamba komanso zosungunulira m'malo.
Gawo lachinayi ndi kuchepetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa
Ndiko kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsa kuyang'ana kuwala kwa dzuwa pa chitsanzo. Pansi pa cheza cha ultraviolet, mtundu wa chitsanzo umasintha msanga kuchoka ku bulauni kupita ku wakuda, kusonyeza kuti graphene oxide yachepetsedwa kukhala graphene oxide.
Njira yochepetsera dzuŵa imeneyi si yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, komanso sikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsera mankhwala kapena njira zochepetsera kutentha kwapamwamba, kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira komanso kuwononga chilengedwe.
Yang'anani kwambiri pamayamwidwe amphamvu adzuwa komanso kuchepetsa kutaya mphamvu
Ma evaporator a solar sayenera kungoyamwa ndikusintha mphamvu zambiri za dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yotentha, komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwunikira komanso cheza chamatenthedwe, ndikugwira mphamvu zowonjezera kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Dongosolo la evaporation pamawonekedwe adzuwa limayendetsedwa ndi magetsi atatu: kulowetsa mphamvu ya dzuwa, kutulutsa mphamvu ya evaporation, ndi mphamvu zotayidwa ku chilengedwe.
Tsoka ilo, ma evaporator adzuwa omwe amakhala ndi mbali ziwiri amakumana ndi vuto la kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha kusinthana kwa kutentha ndi malo ozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa 100% yabwino yosinthira solar-to-steam. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma evaporator a solar amitundu itatu amatha kuswa malire akusintha kwamphamvu kwa solar-to-steam.
Kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwunikira komanso cheza chotenthetsera pamwamba pa zitsanzo zamitundu itatu, gululi linapanga aerogel yamitundu itatu yozungulira concave graphene.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi kutengeka kwakukulu komanso kutsika kowoneka bwino, koma makoma ake am'mbali amathanso kuyamwa kutentha kozungulira komanso kutentha komwe kumawonekera kuchokera pansi, potero kumathandizira kuchira kwamphamvu.
Yang'anani pa kukhathamiritsa kwa kulekerera kwa mchere komanso kasamalidwe ka mchere wa mchere
Ndiko kuti; popanga njira yapadera yoyendera, kupititsa patsogolo kwa brine kumalimbikitsidwa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku crystallization yolunjika ya mchere. Kapangidwe kameneka sikumangolepheretsa mchere kuyika ndi kutsekeka pamwamba pa evaporator, komanso kumazindikira kusonkhanitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mchere moyenera, motero kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yochotsa mchere ikhale yabwino komanso yokhazikika.
Makamaka, adapanga ndikukonza kapangidwe ka netiweki ya gradient graphene ya magawo atatu kutengera filimu ya melamine yomwe imapopedwa kale . Netiweki ya gradient graphene iyi, yomwe ndi yochepa mkati komanso yokhuthala kunja, imatha kupanga kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya radial capillary, komwe kumalimbikitsa kunyamula kwa radial kwa brine. Pamene nthunzi ikupitilira kupangidwa, kuyenda kwa radial kwa brine kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa brine m'dera lakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mchere ukhale wolimba pamwamba osati mkati. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatsimikizira kuti mkati mwa evaporator mumasunga malo okwanira a evaporation, motero zimapangitsa kuti evaporation ya dzuwa ikhale yogwira mtima komanso yokhazikika.
Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti evaporator imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ake onse akunja kwa mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo a crystallization akhale okulirapo kuposa ma evaporator ena owongolera.
Makhiristo amchere amapangidwa makamaka ndi makhiristo amchere otayirira okhala ndi ma pores ochulukirapo, omwe amapindulitsa kunyamula brine ndi kutulutsa nthunzi.
Komanso, chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa evaporative, kutentha kwa pamwamba kwa mchere kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi kutentha komwe kulipo. Khalidweli limapangitsa kuti mpweya uzitha kuyamwa mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku chilengedwe, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya evaporator.
Gwero la nkhani: Deep Tech
Gulu lofufuza: Shandong First Medical University Team Research Group
Nkhaniyi yachokera pa: https://www.163.com/dy/article/J1RENDEH05119734.html
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza SINOYQX Melamine Foam, chonde titumizireni uthenga pa [email protected] kapena titumizireni uthenga pa: +86-28-8411-1861.
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