Zipangizo zatsopanozi ndi polima wa mbali ziwiri, wopangidwa kuchokera ku melamine , womwe umadzisonkhanitsa wokha kukhala mapepala, mosiyana ndi ma polima ena onse, omwe amapanga unyolo wa mbali imodzi, wofanana ndi spaghetti. Mpaka pano, asayansi ankakhulupirira kuti sizingatheke kuyambitsa ma polima kupanga mapepala a 2D.
Zinthu zoterezi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopepuka zopepuka, zokutira zokhazikika pamagalimoto agalimoto kapena mafoni am'manja, kapena ngati zomangira milatho kapena zinthu zina, akutero Michael Strano, Pulofesa wa Carbon P. Dubbs wa Chemical Engineering ku MIT komanso wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufuku watsopano.
"Nthawi zambiri sitiganiza za mapulasitiki ngati chinthu chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pomanga nyumba, koma ndi zinthu izi mutha kupangitsa zinthu zatsopano," akutero. "Ili ndi zinthu zachilendo kwambiri ndipo ndife okondwa nazo."
Ofufuzawa apereka ma patent awiri pa njira yomwe adagwiritsa ntchito popanga zinthuzi, zomwe akufotokoza m'nkhani yomwe ikupezeka lero mu Nature . MIT postdoc Yuwen Zeng ndiye wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufukuyu.
Miyeso iwiri
Ma polima, omwe amaphatikizapo mapulasitiki onse, amakhala ndi maunyolo amiyala yotchedwa monomers. Unyolowu umakula powonjezera mamolekyu atsopano kumapeto kwake. Akapangidwa, ma polima amatha kupangidwa kukhala zinthu zitatu-dimensional, monga mabotolo amadzi, pogwiritsa ntchito jekeseni.
Asayansi a polima akhala akuganiza kuti ngati ma polima angakopeke kuti akule kukhala pepala la mbali ziwiri, ayenera kupanga zida zolimba kwambiri, zopepuka. Komabe, zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito m'munda uno zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zosatheka kupanga mapepala oterowo. Chifukwa chimodzi cha izi chinali chakuti ngati monomer imodzi yokha izungulira mmwamba kapena pansi, kuchokera pa pepala lomwe likukula, zinthuzo zimayamba kukula m'miyeso itatu ndipo mawonekedwe onga pepala adzatayika.
Komabe, mu phunziro latsopanoli, Strano ndi anzake adadza ndi njira yatsopano ya polymerization yomwe imawalola kupanga pepala lamitundu iwiri lotchedwa polyaramide. Kwa midadada yomangira monomer, amagwiritsa ntchito pawiri yotchedwa melamine, yomwe imakhala ndi ma atomu a kaboni ndi nayitrogeni. Pansi pamikhalidwe yoyenera, ma monomers awa amatha kukula m'miyeso iwiri, kupanga ma disks. Ma disks amenewa amakhala pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake, ogwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi zomangira za haidrojeni pakati pa zigawozo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwewo akhale okhazikika komanso amphamvu.
"M'malo mopanga molekyulu yonga sipaghetti, titha kupanga ndege ya molekyulu yofanana ndi pepala, pomwe timapeza mamolekyu kuti adzilumikizane mumiyeso iwiri," akutero Strano. "Njira iyi imangochitika zokha, ndipo tikapanga zinthuzo, timatha kujambula makanema opyapyala omwe ali amphamvu kwambiri."
Chifukwa chakuti zinthuzo zimadziphatikiza muzothetsera, zimatha kupangidwa mochuluka mwa kungowonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zoyambira. Ofufuzawo adawonetsa kuti amatha kuvala pamwamba ndi mafilimu azinthu, omwe amawatcha 2DPA-1.
"Ndi kutsogola kumeneku, tili ndi mamolekyu olinganiza omwe azikhala osavuta kupanga kukhala amphamvu kwambiri, koma opyapyala kwambiri," akutero Strano.
Zopepuka koma zamphamvu
Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti zotanuka modulus yatsopanoyo - muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimafunika kuti ziwononge zinthu - ndi zazikulu pakati pa kanayi ndi kasanu kuposa magalasi oletsa zipolopolo. Anapezanso kuti mphamvu yake yokolola, kapena mphamvu yochuluka yomwe imafunika kuti iwononge zinthuzo, imakhala yowirikiza kawiri kuposa chitsulo, ngakhale kuti zinthuzo zili ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi a zitsulo.
Chinthu chinanso chofunikira cha 2DPA-1 ndikuti sichingalowe mu mpweya. Ngakhale ma polima ena amapangidwa kuchokera ku maunyolo opindika okhala ndi mipata yomwe imalola kuti mpweya udutse, zinthu zatsopanozi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ma monomers omwe amamanga pamodzi ngati ma LEGO, ndipo mamolekyu sangathe kulowa pakati pawo.
"Izi zitha kutiloleza kupanga zokutira zomwe zimatha kuteteza madzi kapena mpweya kuti usadutse," akutero Strano. "Zotchingira zotchinga zamtunduwu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zitsulo m'magalimoto ndi magalimoto ena, kapena zitsulo."
Strano ndi ophunzira ake tsopano akuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane momwe polima uyu amatha kupanga mapepala a 2D, ndipo akuyesera kusintha mapangidwe ake a maselo kuti apange mitundu ina yazinthu zatsopano.
Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi Center for Enhanced Nanofluidic Transport (CENT) ndi Energy Frontier Research Center yothandizidwa ndi US department of Energy Office of Science, ndi Army Research Laboratory.
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